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Current understanding and applications of the cold sintering process

Tong Yu, Jiang Cheng, Lu Li, Benshuang Sun, Xujin Bao, Hongtao Zhang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 654-664 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1832-1

摘要： In traditional ceramic processing techniques, high sintering temperature is necessary to achieve fully dense microstructures. But it can cause various problems including warpage, overfiring, element evaporation, and polymorphic transformation. To overcome these drawbacks, a novel processing technique called “cold sintering process (CSP)” has been explored by Randall et al. CSP enables densification of ceramics at ultra-low temperature (≤300°C) with the assistance of transient aqueous solution and applied pressure. In CSP, the processing conditions including aqueous solution, pressure, temperature, and sintering duration play critical roles in the densification and properties of ceramics, which will be reviewed. The review will also include the applications of CSP in solid-state rechargeable batteries. Finally, the perspectives about CSP is proposed.

关键词： cold sintering process processing variables solid-state rechargeable batteries

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Modelling and analysis of FMS productivity variables by ISM, SEM and GTMA approach

null

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第9卷第3期页码 218-232 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0309-7

摘要：

Productivity has often been cited as a key factor in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) performance, and actions to increase it are said to improve profitability and the wage earning capacity of employees. Improving productivity is seen as a key issue for survival and success in the long term of a manufacturing system. The purpose of this paper is to make a model and analysis of the productivity variables of FMS. This study was performed by different approaches viz. interpretive structural modelling (ISM), structural equation modelling (SEM), graph theory and matrix approach (GTMA) and a cross-sectional survey within manufacturing firms in India. ISM has been used to develop a model of productivity variables, and then it has been analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) are powerful statistical techniques. CFA is carried by SEM. EFA is applied to extract the factors in FMS by the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 20) software and confirming these factors by CFA through analysis of moment structures (AMOS 20) software. The twenty productivity variables are identified through literature and four factors extracted, which involves the productivity of FMS. The four factors are people, quality, machine and flexibility. SEM using AMOS 20 was used to perform the first order four-factor structures. GTMA is a multiple attribute decision making (MADM) methodology used to find intensity/quantification of productivity variables in an organization. The FMS productivity index has purposed to intensify the factors which affect FMS.

关键词： FMS ISM EFA SEM GTMA

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中型农业生态工程的数学模型

卞有生,刘来福,徐汝梅

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第11期页码 39-44

摘要：

章以北京大兴县留民营村为例，建立了中型（村庄级）农业生态工程的数学模型，该模型为分室模型，由8个分室组成，文中给出了各个分室的状态变量及控制变量，建立了各分室的数学模型，并应用该数学模型指导了留民营的实际生产建设，取得了良好结果。

关键词：农业生态工程数学模型状态变量控制变量

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High-order moment methods for LRFD including random variables with unknown probability distributions

Zhao-Hui LU, Yan-Gang ZHAO, Zhi-Wu YU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 288-295 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0210-1

摘要： The reliability-based load and resistance factors design (LRFD) has been widely used in the structural design codes. In almost all of the current reliability methods for the determination of the load and resistance factors, the basic random variables are assumed to have known probability distributions. However, in reality, the probability distributions of some of the basic random variables are often unknown due to the lack of statistical data. In this paper, the high-order moment methods for LRFD including random variables with unknown probability distributions are proposed. From the investigation of the present paper, it can be concluded that: 1) The load and resistance factors can be determined even when the probability distributions of the basic random variables are unknown; 2) The present method is convenient and more effective in estimating the load and resistance factors in practical engineering since it needs neither the iterative computation of derivatives nor any design points; 3) In the applicable range of the high-order moment method, although the load and resistance factors obtained by the proposed method may be different from those obtained by first order reliability method (FORM), the target mean resistances obtained by both methods are essentially the same.

关键词： high-order moment methods applicable range load and resistance factors target mean resistance

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Review on flexible perovskite photodetector: processing and applications

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0749-z

摘要： Next-generation optoelectronics should possess lightweight and flexible characteristics, thus conforming to various types of surfaces or human skins for portable and wearable applications. Flexible photodetectors as fundamental devices have been receiving increasing attention owing to their potential applications in artificial intelligence, aerospace industry, and wise information technology of 120, among which perovskite is a promising candidate as the light-harvesting material for its outstanding optical and electrical properties, remarkable mechanical flexibility, low-cost and low-temperature processing methods. To date, most of the reports have demonstrated the fabrication methods of the perovskite materials, materials engineering, applications in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors, strategies for device performance enhancement, few can be seen with a focus on the processing strategies of perovskite-based flexible photodetectors, which we will give a comprehensive summary, herein. To begin with, a brief introduction to the fabrication methods of perovskite (solution and vapor-based methods), device configurations (photovoltaic, photoconductor, and phototransistor), and performance parameters of the perovskite-based photodetectors are first arranged. Emphatically, processing strategies for photodetectors are presented following, including flexible substrates (i.e., polymer, carbon cloth, fiber, paper, etc.), soft electrodes (i.e., metal-based conductive networks, carbon-based conductive materials, and two-dimensional (2D) conductive materials, etc.), conformal encapsulation (single-layer and multilayer stacked encapsulation), low-dimensional perovskites (0D, 1D, and 2D nanostructures), and elaborate device structures. Typical applications of perovskite-based flexible photodetectors such as optical communication, image sensing, and health monitoring are further exhibited to learn the flexible photodetectors on a deeper level. Challenges and future research directions of perovskite-based flexible photodetectors are proposed in the end. The purpose of this review is not only to shed light on the basic design principle of flexible photodetectors, but also to serve as the roadmap for further developments of flexible photodetectors and exploring their applications in the fields of industrial manufacturing, human life, and health care.

关键词： photodetector perovskite flexible processing application

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基于重放分析的网络协议软件状态变量自动化发现技术 Research Article

黄见欣1,喻波1,刘润昊1,苏金树1,2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第3期页码 403-416 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200275

摘要：网络协议软件通常具有程序路径复杂、状态空间庞大的特点。程序中往往存在着一些带有状态的关键变量，用于记录协议状态和会话信息。这些状态变量一旦处理不当，很可能违背协议规范，进而产生逻辑错误，导致协议软件出现潜在的缺陷或漏洞。本文针对现有程序分析技术难以发现网络协议软件中的状态变量，且自动化程度偏低的问题，提出一种基于重放分析的状态变量识别方法。考虑到状态变量主要反映着通信双方的参数和程序的状态，具有这些特征的变量通常会以全局变量或静态变量的形式，持续存在于进程之中，该方法通过记录和重放协议软件的执行轨迹，运用动态插桩技术，在协议状态和软件状态的变化过程中，分析内存关键区域的全局变量和静态变量的状态特征，并结合规则进行筛选判定。在此基础上，设计并实现了一套能够自动化发现状态变量的原型系统，在ProFuzzBench中的9个程序和2个现实中的复杂协议软件上进行了测试。实验结果显示，平均真正类率（TPR）可达82%，平均准确度可达96%左右。

关键词：状态变量；网络协议软件；程序分析技术；网络安全

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Assessment of popular techniques for co-processing municipal solid waste in Chinese cement kilns

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1485-4

摘要：

• Municipal solid waste (MSW) was fermented, screened, gasified, then co-processed.

关键词： Cement kiln Co-processing Environmental risk assessment By-pass system

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zone-layered trimming method for ceramic core of aero-engine blade based on an advanced reconfigurable laser processing

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0675-5

摘要： Ceramic structural parts are one of the most widely utilized structural parts in the industry. However, they usually contain defects following the pressing process, such as burrs. Therefore, additional trimming is usually required, despite the deformation challenges and difficulty in positioning. This paper proposes an ultrafast laser processing system for trimming complex ceramic structural parts. Opto-electromechanical cooperative control software is developed to control the laser processing system. The trimming problem of the ceramic cores used in aero engines is studied. The regional registration method is introduced based on the iterative closest point algorithm to register the path extracted from the computer-aided design model with the deformed ceramic core. A zonal and layering processing method for three-dimensional contours on complex surfaces is proposed to generate the working data of high-speed scanning galvanometer and the computer numerical control machine tool, respectively. The results show that the laser system and the method proposed in this paper are suitable for trimming complex non-datum parts such as ceramic cores. Compared with the results of manual trimming, the method proposed in this paper has higher accuracy, efficiency, and yield. The method mentioned above has been used in practical application with satisfactory results.

关键词： ceramic parts trimming computer-aided laser manufacturing 3D vision reconfigurable laser processing system

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Wheat gluten protein and its impacts on wheat processing quality

Wujun MA, Zitong YU, Maoyun SHE, Yun ZHAO, Shahidul ISLAM

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 279-287 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019267

摘要：

Before the advent of the wheat genomic era, a wide range of studies were conducted to understand the chemistry and functions of the wheat storage proteins, which are the major determinants of wheat flour the suitability of wheat flour for various end products, such as bread, noodles and cakes. Wheat grain protein is divided into gluten and non-gluten fractions and the wheat processing quality mainly depends on the gluten fractions. Gluten provides the unique extensibility and elasticity of dough that are essential for various wheat end products. Disulfide bonds are formed between cysteine residues, which is the chemical bases for the physical properties of dough. Based on the SDS-extractability, grain protein is divided into SDS-unextractable polymeric protein (UPP) and SDS-extractable polymeric protein. The percentage of UPP is positively related to the formation of disulfide bonds in the dough matrix. In the wheat genomic era, new glutenins with long repetitive central domains that contain a high number of consensus hexapeptide and nonapeptide motifs as well as high content of cysteine and glutamine residues should be targeted.

关键词： wheat gluten consensus motifs disulfide bonds SDS-unextractable polymeric protein glutenins gliadins processing quality storage protein

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Chromium steel from chromite ore processing residue----A valuable construction material from a waste

Jay N. MEEGODA, Wiwat KAMOLPORNWIJIT

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 159-166 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0325-3

摘要： As species we humans generate excessive amounts of waste and hence for sustainability we should explore innovative ways to recover them. The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate an efficient and optimum way to recover chromium and iron from chromite ore processing residues (COPR) for the production of chrome steel and stainless steel. In Hudson County, New Jersey, there are more than two million tons of leftover COPR. Part of COPR was used as fill materials for construction sites, which spread the problem to a larger area. With high solubility along with their toxicity leached chromate from COPR is threatening the environment as well as human health. In this research, COPR was thermally treated to recover iron with chromium by applying techniques used in steel manufacturing. An extensive experimental program was performed using a Thermo-Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and bench scale tests to thermally treat the processed chromium contaminated soils with carbon and sand at varying temperatures and under reducing environment. The optimum chemical composition of COPR and additives to be used in the melts were evaluated based upon the thermodynamic properties of the mixture to ensure good phase separation, least amounts of iron and chromium oxides in the slag and minimum variability of final product (steel or iron with chromium). The impact of other oxides on the steel making process was evaluated to minimize the adverse impact on the process. The research demonstrated the feasibility of recovering a valuable construction material (chrome steel) from a waste (COPR).

关键词： chromite ore processing residue chromium steel reduction thermal treatment beneficial use

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材料的成形加工与凝固技术

介万奇

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第6期页码 1-4

摘要：

从对材料成形加工技术进步的分析入手，论述了凝固技术在材料先进成形加工技术中的应用及其重要性。结合对几种凝固新技术的实例的分析指出，不论是传统材料加工过程“控形—控性（控制组织）—控制成本—控制污染”一体化新技术，还是作为新材料研制手段，凝固技术的重要性均是非常突出的。进而分析了近年来受到广泛重视的凝固过程研究的新课题及其由此可能带来的技术进步。

关键词：材料成形加工凝固技术

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Novel slack-based robust scheduling rule for a semiconductor manufacturing system with uncertain processing

Juan LIU, Fei QIAO, Yumin MA, Weichang KONG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第4期页码 507-514 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018045

摘要：

The NP-hard scheduling problems of semiconductor manufacturing systems (SMSs) are further complicated by stochastic uncertainties. Reactive scheduling is a common dynamic scheduling approach where the scheduling scheme is refreshed in response to real-time uncertainties. The scheduling scheme is overly sensitive to the emergence of uncertainties because the optimization of performance (such as minimum make-span) and the system robustness cannot be achieved simultaneously by conventional reactive scheduling methods. To improve the robustness of the scheduling scheme, we propose a novel slack-based robust scheduling rule (SR) based on the analysis of robustness measurement for SMS with uncertain processing time. The decision in the SR is made in real time given the robustness. The proposed SR is verified under different scenarios, and the results are compared with the existing heuristic rules. Simulation results show that the proposed SR can effectively improve the robustness of the scheduling scheme with a slight performance loss.

关键词： semiconductor manufacturing system uncertain processing time dynamic scheduling slack-based robust scheduling rule

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Atomistic understanding of interfacial processing mechanism of silicon in water environment: A ReaxFF

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第3期页码 570-579 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0642-6

摘要： The interfacial wear between silicon and amorphous silica in water environment is critical in numerous applications. However, the understanding regarding the micro dynamic process is still unclear due to the limitations of apparatus. Herein, reactive force field simulations are utilized to study the interfacial process between silicon and amorphous silica in water environment, exploring the removal and damage mechanism caused by pressure, velocity, and humidity. Moreover, the reasons for high removal rate under high pressure and high velocity are elucidated from an atomic perspective. Simulation results show that the substrate is highly passivated under high humidity, and the passivation layer could alleviate the contact between the abrasive and the substrate, thus reducing the damage and wear. In addition to more Si-O-Si bridge bonds formed between the abrasive and the substrate, new removal pathways such as multibridge bonds and chain removal appear under high pressure, which cause higher removal rate and severer damage. At a higher velocity, the abrasive can induce extended tribochemical reactions and form more interfacial Si-O-Si bridge bonds, hence increasing removal rate. These results reveal the internal cause of the discrepancy in damage and removal rate under different conditions from an atomic level.

关键词： silicon ReaxFF molecular dynamics friction damage

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塑料加工成型技术的最新研究进展

瞿金平

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第10期页码 58-68

摘要：

依据塑料工业发展低耗、高效、环保型“绿色”加工成型技术的重大需求，随着塑料塑化输运方法的不断演变与创新，在塑料动态加工成型方法和设备的基础上提出和研究了基于拉伸流变的塑料加工成型方法和技术，着重讨论了拉伸形变支配的叶片挤压系统中塑料塑化输运过程、叶片挤压系统的技术特征和叶片塑化输运技术的应用。研究结果表明，与传统技术及设备相比较，这种新技术及设备具有加工历程缩短50 %以上、加工能耗降低30 %左右、混合混炼效果好、制品质量提高、对物料适应性广等优异的技术性能。同时发现，新技术及设备在多相多组份复合材料、剪切热敏感高分子材料等物料体系的加工方面具有独特优势。

关键词：塑料加工成型拉伸形变塑化输运

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我国农产品加工战略研究

孙宝国,王静,谭斌

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第1期页码 48-55 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.01.007

摘要：

农产品加工是把农产品按其用途分别制成成品或半成品的生产过程。食品产业是农产品加工业的核心组成部分。现代食品产业发展的整体技术水平和现代化程度往往是一个民族、一个国家或一个区域（地区）经济社会发展和文明进步程度的重要标志。本文阐述了我国食品产业发展的战略背景、分析了当今我国食品产业发展面临的机遇与挑战，剖析了目前我国食品产业发展存在的问题，提出了我国食品产业的发展战略。

关键词：农产品加工食品产业发展战略